2025/04/07
190. The Seven Disciples and the Seven Letters (Fifth Letter)
As we discussed in the previous article, the "angel of the church in Thyatira," to whom the fourth letter of Revelation is addressed, was identified as James, the son of Zebedee. Therefore, the "angel of the church in Sardis" in the fifth letter is supposed to be John, also the son of Zebedee. The Acts of the Apostles records that John was actively engaged in missionary work with the Apostle Peter. However, after reporting that he had preached the good news in Samaria with Peter, it does not mention any further activity by John at all (cf. Acts 8:25). After that, while Philip was active, Paul was converted, and Peter continued with his missionary work, how was John living? He may have been helping his brother James' community.
If so, John, who was likely to have been present when James was killed with a sword (cf. Acts 12:1-2), must have thought that this tragedy was the fulfilment of Jesus' prediction: "The cup that I drink you will drink; and with the baptism with which I am baptized, you will be baptized" (Mk 10:39). With the appearance of "Jezebel", James drank the cup of betrayal (cf. Rev 2:20-25). He was slaughtered in front of the people, and his community was scattered. At that time, John must have remembered the words of the risen Jesus, "If it is my will that he remain until I come, what is that to you?" (Jn 21:22), the answer to Peter's question about John: "Lord, what about this man?" (21:21).
The fifth letter of Revelation, which begins "And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: 'The words of him who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars'" (Rev 3:1), is written in a similar way to the first letter, which says, "The words of him who holds the seven stars in his right hand, who walks among the seven golden lampstands" (2:1). The angel, the addressee of the first letter, was the Apostle Peter. This fact suggests that John, the son of Zebedee, the angel who received this letter, was given a particular calling by Jesus, just like Peter. However, the content of the following letter suggests that John was shocked and devastated by the fact that his brother James had been killed with a sword and his community scattered. John must also have been seriously wounded.
"I know your works; you have the name of being alive, and you are dead. Awake, and strengthen what remains and is on the point of death, for I have not found your works perfect in the sight of my God" (Rev 3:1-2). Here, it is implied that John's experience as a survivor was also the fulfilment of Jesus' words, "The cup that I drink you will drink; and with the baptism with which I am baptized, you will be baptized", just as of his brother James, and that God had planned for John to fulfil the path of Christ in a different way to James.
The letter encourages him to "Remember then what you received and heard; keep that, and repent" (Rev 3:3). This passage suggests that John would write his Gospel. The words drawn forth by the Holy Spirit sent in the name of Jesus were life to John and a light shining in the darkness (cf. Jn 1:4-5). Within those words is the worldview of Jesus Christ. No one but Apostle John, the disciple Jesus loved, can phrase it.
It then goes on to say, "If you will not awake, I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what hour I will come upon you" (Rev 3:3), and foretells that John will eventually be in the Spirit and hear a voice like a trumpet (cf. 1:9-10). That experience led him to write the Book of Revelation.
And the words, "Yet you have still a few names in Sardis, people who have not soiled their garments; and they shall walk with me in white, for they are worthy" (Rev 3:4) provide an answer to John's prayer for James and those who were killed with him. The writer of the letter makes the following promise at the end: "He who conquers shall be clad thus in white garments, and I will not blot his name out of the book of life; I will confess his name before my Father and before his angels" (3:5). The themes of "white garments" and "the book of Life" become defining themes in the Book of Revelation, expressing the reality of God leading to eternal life.
To be continued
Maria K. M.